International human rights law and how the health care has improved in Essay

International human rights law and how the health care has improved in 3 counties - Essay Example The organization also went further to shed more light on how these rights were connected with health. Many countries adopted this and evidence shows that progress have been made as countries have been striving to integrate these into their health systems since 2002 (World Health Organization, 2002). This paper examines the progress that has been made by three countries: Kenya, Mexico and the US. In Mexico, for instance, a lot have improved, especially in the field of mental health. For a long time, people with mental health problems would be dumped into institutions and be subjected to inhumane treatment without being allowed back into the community. International law on human rights recognizes that people have a right to treatment in least restrictive environment and within their communities. It is because of this that Mexico health care system has been reformed to support community integration of mentally disabled persons. Both state and national health budgetary allocation have been increased since 2002, and this has helped significant enforcement of community integration of the mentally disabled. Patient dumping has since stopped through introduction of an individualized outplacement plan for persons into the community. Similarly, conditions within the institutions were also improved due to the provision of such basic needs as food, clothes, and bedding. Besides, essential medication, dental care, hygiene, and safety were also adopted to help improve health of the institutionalized psychiatric cases. Through the recognition of the international laws that relate human rights to health and poverty reduction (issue no 5), Kenya has progressed tremendously in the area of reproductive health. The Kenyan government has since 2002, adopted laws that ensure the integration of family planning services into the healthcare system as a means of reducing

Jet Blue Airways, A new beginning Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Jet Blue Airways, A new beginning - Case Study Example This analysis evaluates the effectiveness of the strategic change management and the core areas impacted by this strategy. and implementing change at various levels and involving employees at various levels along with strong leadership support. This process was successfully implemented at JetBlue Airways, which was experiencing huge losses due to various external factors like fluctuation in prices, bad weather conditions, etc. A deeper study and observation revealed that performance of the company could be improved by altering their business strategies, operations processes and employee engagement practices. This paper evaluates the strategic change process adopted by JetBlue Airways in modifying their irregular operations (IROP) management to create better management and processes that resulted in formation and implementation of the IROP Integrity. cost service to people and to connect more places within the US. Their business strategies worked well and yielded enormous profits and growth for the company during first few years. The secret to this success was attributed to their operational capabilities, employee management and outstanding customer service1. However, some of their business strategies entailed serious glitches that eventually caused huge revenue losses for JetBlue during bad weather conditions because their operations were not designed appropriately to handle flight cancellations and other related activities. Revenue losses during bad weather conditions were due to inappropriate management, inappropriate information and communication, payback to customers for losses, logistics issues, additional costs incurred for crew members’ duty modifications in addition to losses because of flights cancellation. Until the worst ice storm in February 2007, JetBlue’s focus was solely on growth and expansion2.

Time Value Analysis And The Attractiveness Of Alternative Investments Finance Essay

Time Value Analysis And The Attractiveness Of Alternative Investments Finance Essay Time value analysis The time value analysis can provide the healthcare manager with the necessary information to make important decisions concerning financial strategies. The calculations of future cash flows at specific times are used to determine the attractiveness of alternative investments. The major limitation of the time value analysis is that a small change in cash flow may result in a distorted assessment of a potential investment. Incremental cash flows should be estimated with great care to consider only those that could change if a project or investment is accepted. The time value analysis of the Pensacola Surgery Centers will explore the companys investment opportunities. The company has $50,000 in cash to invest in marketable securities. The option to invest in a bank certificate of deposit (CD) that return interest after 6 months to five years. The earned interest would be reinvested at its maturity date. The future value of a one year CD that pays 10 percent annual interest will total $55,000 at maturity (Table 1). The future value of a one year CD that pays 5 percent or 15 percent will total $52,500 and 57,500 respectively. The other considerations are the banks procedure of compounding the interest. The BankSouth offers a one year CD at 10 percent interest that is compounded semi-annually. This effective annual rate of 10.25 percent will yield a higher total of $55,125 that the annual CD. The Bank of America offers a 10 percent Certificate of Deposit (CD) $50,0000 Investment 10% Annual Interest 10% Semi-Annual Interest (10.25% effective) 10% Daily Interest (10.52% effective) 1-Year CD $55,000.00 $55,125.00 $55,257.79 5-Year CD $80,525.50 $81,444.73 $82,430.42 Table 1: Certificate of Deposit Summary. CD that compounds daily. This results in a higher yield of $55,258 with an effective annual rate of 10.52 percent. The BankSouth will likely offer a competitive rate on its semi-annual compounding CD of 10.3 percent to yield a total of $55,283. The effective annual rate becomes 10.57 percent. The Pensacola Surgery Centers can place $50,000 cash in a five year CD, and have the potential to significantly increase the earned interest. This will not allow other investments to utilize these funds during this five year period. The five year CD with interest compounded annually yields $80,525. The semi-annual interest CD totals $81,144.73, and the daily interest CD yields $82.430. The surgery clinic has the financial goal of having $200,000 available for the purchase of a patient billing system in five years. If the clinic invested a lump sum in a one year CD with 10 percent annual interest, it would need to deposit $124,184.26 today. Another choice would require the deposit of $100,000 in a five year CD with an annual 15 percent interest to result in the necessary $200,000 in funds. The Pensacola Surgery Center may consider the option of an ordinary annuity to build the funds necessary for the computer application. The ability to make yearly payments to the account rather than an initial lump sum will decrease the amount of cash flow deterred from other investment opportunities. If five annual payments of $32,000 are paid at the end of each year, the present value result is $121,305 with an annual opportunity cost of 10 percent. The increase to $138,543 will result if the interest is compounded semi-annually. The future value of the annuity that pays 10 percent interest annually is $195,363, and decreased to $176,820 if compounded semi-annually. The annual interest necessary to accumulate the necessary $200,000, by making the $32,000 yearly payments, is 11 percent. Alternatively, the annual payment of $32,759.50 with 10 percent interest is needed to reach the $200,000 in funds. If the payments are changed to $16,000 every six months, starting six months from tod ay, the future value would total $254,999 with 10 percent annual interest (Table 2). The future value of the payments with 10 percent interest compounded semi-annually yields $201,246. The $16,000 semi-annual payment schedule will accumulate the necessary funds for the capital expenditure. Annuities $16,000 Semi-Annual Payments Future Value 10 % Annual Interest Future Value 10% Semi-Annual Interest Ordinary Annuity $254,998.79 $201,246.28 Annuity Due $280,498.67 $211,308.59 Table 2: Future Value of Annuities Summary. The annuity due type is when the payments are made at the beginning of the period. This type of annuity will result in the maturity one period past the final payment. The present value of the same five annual $32,000 payments will yield $133,436 with an opportunity cost of 10 percent annually. The utilization of a 10 percent semi-annual interest rate will result in $145,470. The future value of the annuity if 10 percent annual interest is paid yields $214,899, and with 10 percent semi-annually the result is decreased to $185,661. The annual interest rate of 8 percent is needed to accumulate the required $200,000 funds with the yearly $32,000 payments. The reduced yearly payment of $29,781 is needed for an annuity with a 10 percent annual rate. The change of the payments to $16,000 every six months results in $280,499 in an annuity that compounds at 10 percent annually. This is decreased to $211,309 if the 10 percent interest is semi-annual. The annuity due with semi-annual payments r esults in a greater accumulation of funds necessary for the computer billing upgrade. The Pensacola Surgery Centers would like to lease out extra space at one location for the term of five years. This venture will cost an estimated $40,000 in initial renovations. The net present value (NPV) of the estimated lease cash flow totals $58,618 (Table 3). The future value of the five year lease cash flow is expected to total $76,223 when invested at 10 percent annually. The present value of this total yields only $47,329 (difference of $11,289) when compared to the NPV calculated initially. The inconsistency of the time value analysis is due to the incremental changes that may become magnified with end results. The manager must use reasonable judgment when interpreting these calculated results. End of Year Net Cash Flow 1 $12,000 2 $14,000 3 $ 2,000 4 $16,000 5 $20,000 Table 3: Estimated Lease Cash Flow The further analysis of the lease will determine the dollar return on the investment and include the cost of the renovations. The return on investment (ROI) of the lease cash flow and the renovations total $39,390. The percentage rate of return utilizes the internal rate of return (IRR) calculation. The expected rate of return is 16 percent which exceeds the 10 percent opportunity cost by 6 percent. The ROI calculations support the clinics financial investment in the lease agreement. The contingency plan if the clinic is unable to accumulate the $200,000 necessary for the computer improvements will require them to borrow the funds. The loan will require yearly payments of $63,094.16 for four years at 10 percent interest (Table 4). The total interest plus principal paid at the end of the loan is $252,376.64. The business will be able to deduct the yearly interest payments on their income taxes for a total of $52,376.64. $200,000 Loan Year Payment Interest Repayment of Principle 1 $ 63,094.16 $20,000.00 $ 43,094.16 2 $ 63,094.16 $15,690.58 $ 47,403.58 3 $ 63,094.16 $10,950.23 $ 52,143.93 4 $ 63,094.16 $ 5,735.83 $ 57,358.33 Total $252,376.64 $52,376.64 $200,000.00 Table 4: Loan Amortization Schedule The utilization of time value analysis aids in the financial decision making processes of the businesss investment management. The calculations attempt to represent the opportunity cost of these potential investments. The discount rate used to conduct the analysis should reflect the risk associated with the investment and the risk of the organization. Good decisions are based on the understanding of the businesss financial strategies, and the appropriateness of the analysis to these objectives. The post completion review of investment decisions should be conduct to assess the processes and results.

Nurture and Nature - Influence of Parents on Childrens Sexual Orientat

Influence of Parents on Children's Sexual Orientation      Ã‚  Ã‚   Do parents influence their children's sexuality?   The answer may surprise you: no they do not.   It has been found that about 90% of sons of gay fathers are heterosexual (Bailey 124).   It was also found that 90% of daughters of lesbian women are also heterosexual (Golombok 4).   According to a poll taken by Northwestern University almost 95% of people expect children of homosexual parents to be homosexual themselves (Bailey 125).   This popular belief has affected many child custody decisions because of the possibility of the parents molesting the children, or the possibility of the children becoming homosexual themselves.   Even if the children becoming homosexual is a possibility, why deny custody to a parent based on his or her sexuality?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The question has been raised on what can and what can't make a child homosexual.   Some believe that children learn by imitating their parents.   This theory cannot be totally rejected, but due to recent research it is believed to be more unlikely.   Others have said that children identify with an opposite-sex parent and copying their behavior, this coupled with a distant same-sex parent makes the argument even more believable.   It is also possible that homosexual parents reinforce certain types of behavior, either homo- or heterosexual (Bailey 125-126).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some say that hormones affect the sexuality of children, which may be inherited from the parents.   For example, an anatomical difference in the hypothalamus of homosexual men has recently been identified, but the reason for this difference is still unknown (Golombok 4).   Sex hormones are seen by some... ... Whether it be hormones or genes inherited from the parents, or the environment a child is brought up in, researchers still need to complete their studies on the issue to find out the truth behind the matter.    Bibliography    Bailey, J. Michael. Sexual Orientation of Adult Sons of Gay Fathers. Developmental Psychology.   1995, Vol. 31, No. 1, 124-129    Golombok, Susan. Do Parents Influence the Sexual Orientation of Their Children? Findings From a Longitudinal Study of Lesbian Families.   Developmental Psychology.   1996, Vol.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   32, No. 1, 3-11    Meyer-Bahlburg, Heino F.L. Parental Influences on the Development of Homosexual Orientation.   Developmental Psychology. 1995, Vol. 31, No. 1, 12-21    Patterson, Charlotte.   Sexual Orientation and Human Development.   Developmental Psychology.   1995, Vol. 31, No. 1, 3-11   

Love Is a Fallacy Revision

Laken Sutton March 20, 2013 English 102 Gompf Revised Paper Women vs. â€Å"Love is a Fallacy† â€Å"Love is a Fallacy† is often viewed as an anti-women story. To many this piece exploits females by insulting women using stereotypes that have been around for a long time. The female sex, as a whole, has been fighting to overcome these degrading assumptions. This story uses a girl named Polly to display all women. She depicts them as ignorant and gullible individuals. During the Story, Polly is treated like an object or mere possession, rather than a human being with emotions, ideas, and thoughts of her own.The men focus mainly on her physical beauty. They also suggest that she could be trained, in the same way wild animals are usually trained, to think and act for herself. The end of the story leads you to believe that Polly, still representing women, is only interested in shallow material items when choosing relationships. The men in this story are shown in a way that m akes them seem superior to women using intelligence, wittiness, and patience along with physical and material attractiveness. In the beginning of â€Å"Love is a Fallacy†, the two men make a deal to trade Polly as if they owned or had rights to her.What is even worse than the act itself is the object she is being traded for, a fur coat. This implies that Polly is only worth a useless, stinky, old fur coat. When evaluating her worth, the man judges her physical beauty and how useful she could be to him. He then decides to take her on as a project for him to improve. Then to show Polly’s ignorance, the writer has her follow the man to be â€Å"trained† or taught to think. As he instructs her and becomes increasingly rude and impatient with Polly, she continues to use ignorant phrases and gestures to comply with the man’s commands and to please him.In the end, even though Polly stands up for herself and uses his teachings against him, she still is only speak ing from what he had taught her and not from her own thoughts. This gives the illusion that women can be taught, by men, to think and act a particular way. Polly then chooses to date one of the men who treated her as a mindless objected because he owns a popular coat (the fur coat that he traded for her in the beginning). This leads the audience to believe that Polly, still representing women, is only interested in material things and doesn’t mind how she is valued or treated.Women should find this story very insulting. For so long, women have fought to overcome these stereotypes. The female sex has always been judged based solely on their gender. A woman was taught to attract a man and begin a family. Once you had a husband, as a woman, your only priorities should have been to cook, clean, and care-give. Woman were also seen as ignorant pieces of property. Woman had to fight to work, get good jobs, vote, and so much more to prove their equality to men. Men were always seen i n the same way as the two men in this story. The two in this tale are extremely shallow, egotistical, and ride.This is not true for all men, but the older stereotypes set men and women as opposites. Women should be meek, stupid, kind, and proper. Men should be opinionated, intelligent, stern, and in control. These are almost complete opposites. Now it is accepted that woman and men are all different and yet equal. This story is rude to both sexes, but is harsher on the role of women. The women are seen in this story as objects that can be trained, traded, or owned. This could be avoided using a clearly satire atmosphere, or less extreme depictions of the female sex.This story was, however, very informative (for a student such as myself) learning to construct arguments correctly. Regardless of the anti-female message, â€Å"Love is a Fallacy† is perfect to teach fallacies. Shulman’s story gives a very blunt and clear understanding to the definition and purpose of fallac ies. It also gives very good examples of how to, or not to, use them in an argument. These tips can help a learning audience identify and avoid fallacies that would weaken their argument. This being true does not excuse the rude insulting projection of women.

Men vs Women: Eating Habits

Kevin Walker Professor Echelberger ENG 201 2 March 2010 Eating Habits: Men versus Women Getting a hot meal in college is very easy. Most college students have a very short walk to their campus cafeteria. Entering the cafeteria, there is generally an array of meals to choose from. Researchers have been studying the eating habits of college students for a while. Although the studies are predominately due to the typical increase in weight of Americans over the past few centuries, the data has shown interesting results not pertaining to their research.A fascinating question has arisen to add to the ponderous question of how men and women differ. The question that I was looking to gain knowledge on was â€Å"how do men and women vary in food choices? † Central Michigan University’s cafeteria Rfoc (Real Food on Campus) was the perfect observatory for my research. The university’s campus hosts sixteen different locations to get meals from. The assortment of cafeterias a llows for tremendous convenience to the students who need to fit several meals into a jam packed day. Do these busy days force students to eat quick unhealthy snacks instead of a nutritious meal?Many researchers think the stress from school and a busy schedule force students to put nutrition on the back burner. Others have seen a trend in eating healthy or unhealthy between men and women. Considering all I have to do is walk down four flights of stairs to the Rfoc, I chose to observe at this location. Walking into the cafeteria there were many vantage points to choose from. The main floor seating would be good since it would put me in the middle of the most eaters. Then I started thinking about how I’d be looked at funny for staring at people since I might lock eyes with someone.Next vantage point I looked at was the tables by the Mediterranean pasta station. Only problem with sitting there was that I would see mostly people eating the Mediterranean food which would skew my o bservations. Finally I found the perfect lookout point. The bar by the on the left side of the cafeteria seemed ideal since the high bar stools would give me a bird’s eye view of the peoples’ plates without being looked at funny for creeping. From my post I could see the salad bar, Mediterranean pasta station, international station, Mediterranean pizza station, American dinner station and the produce stand.The only stations I couldn’t see were American dinner, southern kitchen and the dessert station. Since I could see majority of the stations and tables I decided I’d stay in this location to observe. With the observing location picked out all I needed was to figure out what was the best time to observe. From my own personal experience throughout the school year I know when the most people tend to be down there. Breakfast usually gets a decent amount of people from around nine thirty till ten thirty when breakfast ends. However, since breakfast doesn†™t have a large variety of choices there wouldn’t be much to compare.With breakfast no longer in the running, lunch and dinner were the only two possible times to go. Thinking back to the mind-boggling lines I have had to wait in at dinner time I decided dinner was the best time to observe. Dinner would have a wide range of food offered and more people to observe allowing for better data. When I walked into the cafeteria, the cute girl working the reception desk swiped my card to subtract one meal from my plan. Like any other typical time eating in the Rfoc I walked up to the display table showing all the possible meals for the day.Each meal consists of a main dish and possible sides. Southern kitchen offered a marinated pork loin with mashed potatoes and carrots. American dinner was a hamburger offered with toppings like bacon, lettuce, tomatoes, and cheese in addition to fries. Mediterranean pizza had an array of cheese, pepperoni, and ham pizzas. International served an orange chicken with rice and vegetables dish. Fettuccini alfredo and marinara sauces were the possible toppings for the linguini noodles at the Mediterranean pasta station. Desserts consisted of fudge brownies, chocolate chip cookies and ice cream.The ice cream machine had chocolate and vanilla with toppings like reese’s, chocolate chips, fudge, chocolate syrup, marshmallow cream and heath bars. Salad bar had the typical salad bar contents to choose from to make a personal salad with. Some of the available meals were healthy and some were very unhealthy. I quickly grabbed my plate of the chicken from the salad bar since on a diet and made my way to my post. Previous to going to the cafeteria I made a very detailed excel spreadsheet to sort my observations into.I am a neat freak so I wanted it to be easy to do and presentable. Although my bladder didn’t want to I stayed in the cafeteria for a little over an hour recording what the visible guys and girls were eating. I r ecorded which meals the guys picked and which meals the girls went with. In addition, I took note of whether or not guys and girls grabbed fruit since unlike vegetables they are not included in the meals. Since drinks don’t have nutritional value I didn’t record what each gender drank. Once I had all of my data I went back to my dorm and graphed the numbers into a bar graph.The graph showed men out ate women at Southern Kitchen, Mediterranean Pizza, American Dinner, International Station and the Dessert Station. Thus, women out ate men at the Salad Bar, Mediterranean Pasta, and Fruit. Based on the foods served at these stations, men tended to eat more meat, poultry, and grains than women. Vegetables and fruit were consumed by more women than men as predicted by Tina’s study in The Indianapolis Star. Grains were split between the two genders since women consumed more pasta then men and men consumed more pizza than women.My data agrees with Judith Rodriguez when s he said, â€Å"Male college students are more likely to eat from the meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, and nut groups†. Throughout my observations, I saw a trend in the eating habits of men and women. Nanci Hellmich was correct when saying, â€Å"Eating habits of men and women in college are different†. The reasoning for the difference could be anything from males hoping the protein in the meats would help build bigger muscles to women eating vegetables and fruit because they are â€Å"obsessed with maintaining their figure† (LeFebvre).However, my data does not supply sufficient information to justify the reasoning behind the genders’ tendencies of eating certain foods. Men and women have many similarities and differences, but when pertaining to eating habits they are very different. Works Cited Hellmich, Nanci. â€Å"College eating habits are clogged with fat. † USA Today. 10 Jan. 2002. Web. 11 Feb. 2010. . LeFebvre, Cathy. â€Å"College eating hab its analyzed by researchers, students. The Daily Orange. 23 Sept. 2002. Web. 11 Feb. 2010. . Rodriguez, Judith C. â€Å"College Students. † Faqs. org. Web. . Tina. â€Å"Study: Women Eat Healthier Than Men. † The Indianapolis Star. 8 Apr. 2007. Web. 11 Feb. 2010. .